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Bilan consolidé et contrasté de la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2023

NANTES, FRANCE - 16 SEPTEMBRE : Vue du logo de la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2023 avant le match de la Coupe du Monde de Rugby France 2023 entre l'Irlande et les Tonga au Stade de la Beaujoire le 16 septembre 2023 à Nantes, France. (Photo par David Ramos - World Rugby/World Rugby via Getty Images)

Selon le rapport d’impact officiel produit par les experts du cabinet Ernst and Young (EY) pour le compte du Ministère français des Sports, la Coupe du Monde de Rugby France 2023 a eu un impact social et économique significatif pour le pays hôte.

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En revanche, les résultats consolidés sont dans la fourchette basse de ce que prévoyait l’étude d’impact originelle sur le plan purement économique.

Un bilan économique qui aurait pu être plus bénéfique

La 10e édition de l’événement phare masculin a généré 1,8 milliard d’euros de dépenses et un apport net pour le pays hôte de 871 millions d’euros. 85 % de cet apport (585 millions) est lié au tourisme.

« La Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2023 a généré 1,8 Md€ de dépenses, aboutissant à 690 M€ d’impact direct, 143 M€ d’impact indirect et 38 M€ d’impact induit (soit 871 M€ d’impact total) », détaille le rapport qui note quand même que cette somme est largement inférieure aux prévisions énoncées par une étude d’impact originelle du cabinet Deloitte datant de mai 2017.

« L’impact économique réalisé est cependant moins important que ce qui était attendu lors de la candidature (690 M€ contre 910 à 1 124 M€ prévus), et ce pour deux principales raisons », explique le rapport d’impact d’EY. « Un panier moyen par spectateur étranger inférieur de 25 % à ce qui était envisagé (corrigé de l’inflation), et un programme Hospitalités qui a très majoritairement profité à des spectateurs français (exclus du calcul de l’impact économique), quand des spectateurs étrangers étaient majoritairement attendus. »

Ce programme d’Hospitalités, acheté à prix d’or par le GIE (jusqu’à 2,3 fois plus cher que son prix normal selon certaines sources), n’a pas rempli son rôle et a fini par être bradé, non sans entraîner des conséquences, notamment pour la Fédération Française de Rugby.

De bonnes retombées pour les finances publiques

« Alors que l’organisation de l’évènement a occasionné 70 M€ de dépenses publiques (à l’exclusion des aides à l’emploi des apprentis du CFA Campus 2023 et des subventions à la formation desdits apprentis), les dépenses des visiteurs internationaux et des prestations d’organisation ont rapporté 84 M€ de recettes fiscales (soit autant que l’Euro 2016, ndlr) principalement grâce à la TVA (79 %) et à la taxe de séjour (15 %) », précise le rapport qui souligne ainsi que cet évènement a été une très bonne opération pour l’économie française sans que ça coûte « un pognon de dingue » aux contribuables français.

L’autre bonne nouvelle est que la RWC 2023 n’a pas bénéficié uniquement aux dix villes hôtes qui étaient Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Nantes, Nice, Paris, Saint-Denis (Stade de France), Saint-Étienne et Toulouse.

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« 39 % de l’impact économique généré par l’évènement a bénéficié à des villes qui n’accueillaient pas l’un des 48 matchs joués, ce qui est assez remarquable », indique le rapport. « Plus de 30 % des visiteurs de la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2023 ont séjourné au moins une nuit hors d’une ville et métropole hôte (contre 19 % lors de l’UEFA Euro 2016). Cet effet irradiant est le résultat de deux principaux facteurs : la durée importante de l’évènement (51 jours contre 31 pour l’UEFA Euro 2016) et le grand nombre de villes et métropoles hôtes (10) et camps de base (20), disséminés sur le territoire national. »

Une billetterie stable

Si 425 000 visiteurs étrangers sont venus en France durant la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2023 (dont 72 % d’Européens) – soit 75 000 de plus qu’en 2007 mais moins que les 613 000 de l’Euro 2016 – la billetterie n’a pas affiché un record sans précédent. Avec 2,4 millions de billets vendus à 902 000 spectateurs, c’est 100 000 de moins que la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2015 en Angleterre (2,5 millions de billets).

425 000 visiteurs, c’est un peu moins que ce que prévoyait l’étude d’impact dévoilée par le cabinet Deloitte en mai 2017 qui prévoyait « jusqu’à 450 000 visiteurs étrangers, correspondant à un scénario « cible », la présence de 350 000 visiteurs étrangers correspondant à un scénario « prudentiel » ».

C’est en tout cas toujours mieux que les 406 000 qui sont venus à la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2015 en Angleterre.

Le tournoi le plus regardé

Dans l’échelle des plus grands événements internationaux, France 2023 arrive en 8e position en termes de fréquentation derrière les JO de Rio en 2016 (6,2 millions de billets vendus), la Coupe du Monde de Foot 2014 au Brésil (3,4)… mais au même niveau que la Coupe du Monde de football 2018 en Russie et largement devant la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2019 au Japon (1,7 millions de billets vendus).

En revanche, avec 1,3 milliards d’heures de visionnage et 4 milliards d’impressions sur les réseaux sociaux, France 2023 a été le tournoi de rugby le plus regardé de tous les temps et le troisième en termes d’audiences télévisuelles mondiales derrière la Coupe du Monde de foot 2018 en Russie (3,56 milliards) et les JO de Tokyo 2020 (3,05 milliards).

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« La Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2023 a dépassé le seul cadre du sport pour devenir un vecteur d’activité touristique et d’attractivité économique, créateur d’emplois avec un coût net modéré pour les finances publiques », indique toutefois le rapport.

+ 12 % de licenciés

Le grand succès de la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2023 reste dans les clubs avec une hausse de 12 % du nombre de licenciés entre février 2023 et février 2024.

« Cet “effet Coupe du monde de rugby 2023” est perceptible dans l’ensemble des ligues régionales de rugby, aussi bien dans les régions-hôtes de la compétition (+ 12 % entre 2023 et 2024, contre + 4 % en moyenne entre 2019 et 2023) que dans celles n’ayant accueilli aucun match (+ 12 %, contre + 4 % également) », précise le rapport d’impact.

Etonnamment, l’effet Coupe du Monde a attiré de nouveaux publics parmi lesquels les filles (+ 18 % sur un an – + 11 % en moyenne entre 2019 et 2023).

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