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Le Sevens, des origines à la reconnaissance olympique

Chez les hommes, les Fidji (ici aux JO de Tokyo, en 2021) ont remporté les deux tournois olympiques de rugby à VII disputés jusqu'à présent (Photo by Dan Mullan/Getty Images).

Les Jeux Olympiques de Paris marqueront la troisième apparition du rugby à VII sur la plus grande scène sportive mondiale. Apparu aux JO de Rio en 2016, le Sevens est désormais plus qu’une alternative au XV. C’est une discipline à part entière, avec ses stars, son circuit, ses compétitions phares, et participe activement à la reconnaissance et au développement du rugby au sens large.

Naissance d’une variante dynamique

Le rugby à VII, souvent simplement appelé « Sevens », est une variante du rugby à XV. Cette discipline est née en Écosse, dans la petite ville de Melrose, en 1883. Ned Haig, un boucher local et joueur de rugby, est considéré comme le père fondateur du rugby à VII.

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Cherchant à organiser un tournoi pour collecter des fonds pour son club, il a proposé un format plus court et plus rapide : sept joueurs par équipe, des matchs de deux mi-temps de sept minutes chacune, sur un terrain aux dimensions identiques, soit environ 100 m de long sur 70 de large.

Aujourd’hui, ces règles sont encore en vigueur dans les tournois du circuit. Les équipes peuvent effectuer cinq changements (contre huit à XV) et les postes ne sont pas aussi spécifiques que chez les quinzistes. Au Sevens, les joueurs doivent surtout être polyvalents, endurants et rapide. Un profil qui fait la part belle aux trois-quarts plutôt qu’aux avants quand il s’agit de passer d’une discipline à l’autre.

Au Sevens, en théorie les postes sont répartis comme suit : deux piliers, un talonneur, un demi de mêlée, un ouvreur, un centre, un ailier. En théorie seulement car si les piliers et le talonneur auront la charge de la mêlée (à trois contre trois, tandis qu’un pack à XV comprend huit joueurs), ils devront se montrer mobiles et endurants. Avec sept joueurs sur le terrain, les longues courses sont en effet courantes, et il faut être capable de les répéter minute après minute, match après match.

Expansion et développement

Après son introduction en Écosse, le rugby à VII a rapidement gagné en popularité, d’abord dans les îles britanniques, puis à travers le monde. La Fédération internationale de rugby amateur (FIRA) a été fondée en 1934 pour réguler et promouvoir le sport en Europe. Les premiers championnats européens de rugby à VII ont été organisés dans les années 1970.

Au niveau mondial, le développement du Sevens a été impulsé par des tournois devenus emblématiques comme le Hong Kong Sevens. Créé en 1976 et devenu au fil des ans une référence mondiale, l’événement attire chaque année des équipes de tous les continents et contribue à la popularité globale de la discipline. « Le Hong Kong Sevens a véritablement mis le rugby à VII sur la carte mondiale », expliquait Mark Egan, ancien responsable du développement et des compétitions à World Rugby, sur le site web de l’instance internationale.

Les World Rugby Sevens Series, lancées en 1999, ont également joué un rôle crucial en offrant une plateforme régulière et compétitive aux équipes internationales. « Les Sevens Series ont transformé le rugby à VII en un phénomène global, attirant de nouveaux publics et offrant des opportunités aux joueurs de démontrer leurs compétences sur la scène mondiale », se satisfait Bill Beaumont, président de World Rugby.

Un sport spectaculaire

Le rugby à VII se distingue par son rythme rapide, ses nombreux essais et son format plus court, ce qui le rend très attrayant pour les spectateurs. Contrairement au rugby à XV, les matchs de Sevens sont souvent très ouverts et dynamiques, favorisant les actions spectaculaires et les renversements de situation.

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Là où le XV privilégie la stratégie et la puissance brute, le Sevens met l’accent sur la vitesse et l’agilité. « Le rugby à VII est un spectacle de pure adrénaline. Chaque match est une explosion d’énergie et de compétence », juge Gareth Rees, ancien joueur de rugby et commentateur sur BBC Sport.

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Reconnaissance olympique

L’intégration du rugby à VII aux Jeux olympiques est une histoire de persévérance. Le rugby à XV avait été inclus aux JO en 1900, 1908, 1920 et 1924, mais fut ensuite retiré du programme olympique. Dans les années 2000, le rugby à VII a émergé comme un candidat sérieux pour réintégrer les Jeux en raison de sa popularité croissante et de son format compatible avec les exigences de l’événement olympique.

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En 2009, le Comité international olympique (CIO) a officiellement annoncé l’inclusion du Sevens dans le programme des Jeux olympiques à partir de 2016. « L’intégration du rugby à VII aux Jeux olympiques est une reconnaissance de son attrait universel et de son potentiel à captiver les spectateurs du monde entier », appréciait Jacques Rogge, alors président du CIO.

Cette décision a été largement influencée par la capacité du rugby à VII à attirer un public jeune et diversifié, ainsi qu’à offrir un spectacle intense et accessible dans un cadre réduit, correspondant bien à l’esprit des Jeux olympiques modernes. « Le rugby à VII est taillé pour les Jeux olympiques. Son rythme effréné et ses matchs courts garantissent un spectacle constant et captivant », illustre Mike Friday, entraîneur de l’équipe américaine de rugby à VII, interrogé sur ESPN.

Pourquoi le rugby à XV n’est pas olympique

Bien que le rugby à XV soit plus populaire au niveau mondial, il présente plusieurs défis logistiques pour une inclusion olympique. A XV, les matchs sont plus longs, nécessitent des effectifs plus larges et un temps de récupération plus conséquent entre les matchs, ce qui rend leur organisation complexe dans le cadre d’un événement olympique limité en temps et en ressources. « Le rugby à XV, avec ses matchs de 80 minutes et ses grandes équipes, n’est tout simplement pas adapté au format compact des Jeux olympiques », explique David Pickering, ancien président de la Fédération galloise de rugby, sur le site de The Telegraph.

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En revanche, le rugby à VII, avec ses matchs de 14 minutes, permet de disputer un tournoi complet en quelques jours, alignant parfaitement avec les contraintes et l’intensité des Jeux olympiques. De plus, le format compact du rugby à VII permet de maintenir un niveau d’énergie élevé et un spectacle continu pour les spectateurs.

Depuis sa naissance à la fin du XIXe siècle, le rugby à VII a su se démarquer par son dynamisme et sa capacité à offrir un spectacle captivant. De ses humbles débuts à Melrose à son couronnement olympique en 2016, cette discipline a parcouru un long chemin, devenant une vitrine attrayante et moderne du rugby sur la scène internationale. Son succès aux Jeux olympiques a non seulement renforcé sa popularité, mais a aussi permis de faire découvrir le rugby à un public encore plus large, contribuant à l’expansion globale de ce sport passionnant. « Le rugby à VII est l’avenir du rugby sur la scène mondiale. Il incarne l’esprit du jeu tout en le rendant accessible et passionnant pour tous », conclut Sir Bill Beaumont sur CNN.

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Flankly 1 hour ago
How 'misunderstood' Rassie Erasmus is rolling back the clock

Nick - thanks for another good piece.


It’s remarkable that Matt Williams gets so upset about Bomb Squad tactics. He’s not just making recommendations, but getting all sweaty about bench splits. But it’s not really about bench splits. He just does not like forwards, and their role in the game.


I thought this quote was telling:

What about Kitshoff, what happened to his spine in South Africa? Do we know if that is as a result of the scrummaging they are put through?

Ouch. So we are really on a program of reducing scrummaging to reduce spinal injuries? That’s the mission? And based on the statistically significant dataset of one case, a case in which he openly admits that he does not have the details. Regardless, if his goal is to reduce spinal injuries for prop forwards then arguing about bench splits seems like an odd place to start.


It’s not just spinal injuries that he cares about. The risk of paralysis is an important issue, and he raises this too:

I’m a bit of a lone voice but, because of my club-mate Grant Harper (ex-Western Suburbs prop who was paralysed after a collapsed scrum), I’m not shutting up on it.

Injuries are horrible, and paralysis is truly awful. We should absolutely take it very seriously, and diligently implement whatever safety protocols and education programs we can to minimize these things. But we don’t ban skydiving or hang gliding, or crossing the road. Though Williams is not looking to ban rugby, he does seem to be intent on reducing the role of forwards in the game, based on entirely anecdotal data.


It’s hard to tell what it’s all about. He makes this supposed safety case and says that no-one in his echo chamber disagrees with him:

Every time I go out, old forwards and old props go up to me and they say, ‘you’re right’. I’ve never had anyone, apart from a few South Africans – because it’s good for South Africa – say it’s rubbish.

It’s weird that “old props” are hanging around his front door and lobbying him, or maybe he just doesn’t “go out” much. Could it be that all of the hand-wringing about bench splits and scrummaging injuries is really a proxy for something else? Is it possible his issue is not about safety at all?


Well, that is what it seems. For me the truth is in this comment:

Can Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Australia and Argentina compete against South Africa, New Zealand and France if that’s the way the game goes? The answer to that is no.

So, this is the real issue for him. The Bomb Squad tactic is a really good one, and you have to be really good to play against it. Or you should try to de-power it by banning it, wailing about injuries that it supposedly causes (it doesn’t) and clutching at anecdotal straws to make your case.


The above quote is an insult to the five countries named, and it also suggests that no-one is going to be smart enough to come up with a game plan that neutralizes the bomb squad or turns it to a relative weakness. Williams is just a noisy fan looking to change the laws to favor his team and his personal tastes.


I agree with your conclusions. This Rassie approach is far from being unfair to backs. Not only does it favor fleet-footed and versatile “skills players” in the double-digit positions, but each individual gets more game time in any given match.


Whenever I go out I get exactly zero “old backs” coming up to me and complaining about the Bomb Squad tactic.


Bravo, Rassie.

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