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Réformer le principe des remplacements : les clés pour comprendre le débat

Manie Libbok (Afrique du Sud) sur le banc après avoir été remplacé en première période lors du match de la Coupe du Monde de Rugby France 2023 entre l'Angleterre et l'Afrique du Sud au Stade de France le 21 octobre 2023 à Paris, France. (Photo par Paul Harding/Getty Images)

Le débat a été lancé par le futur ex-président de World Rugby, Bill Beaumont. Dans une interview au Times parue le 11 octobre, il a déclaré : « Je pense que nous accordons trop de remplacements. Je ne sais pas si je regarde avec des œillères, mais autrefois, le match s’ouvrait toujours dans les 20 dernières minutes, et les matchs se gagnaient souvent dans les 20 dernières minutes ».

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Certains y vont vu une allusion à la stratégie de « Bomb Squad » que le mastermind des Springboks Rassie Erasmus mène depuis 2018 : de faire sortir son banc à 6-2, voire à 7-1 avec Jacques Nienaber, en une fois pour renverser un match.

Une stratégie du reste payante qu’a même tenté le 20 octobre dernier Yannick Bru avec l’UBB. En bien mauvaise posture face à la Rochelle (menés 25-3 à la pause), les Bordelais ont « sauvé » leur seconde période en faisant rentrer le banc massivement dès la 46e pour ne s’incliner que 32-22.

Imposer les remplacements pour les blessures

En clair, sous l’impulsion de Rassie Erasmus, le banc a pris une importance stratégique, obligeant à considérer une équipe de 23 joueurs plutôt que les 15 seuls titulaires. Cette vision a été quelque part relayée par Fabien Galthié et ce qu’il a plus pudiquement surnommé « les finisseurs ».

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Springbok Bomb Squad star RG Snyman on the difference between starting and playing off the bench

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    Springbok Bomb Squad star RG Snyman on the difference between starting and playing off the bench

    Springbok lock RG Snyman is ready to make the Springbok No.5 jersey his own over the next few weeks in the absence of Franco Mostert.

    Jusqu’alors, le banc était prioritairement utilisé en cas de blessures ou de pépins quelconque. Pas nécessairement dans un esprit purement stratégique. Or, la tendance semble différente aujourd’hui.

    Les joueurs de l'Irlande célèbrent la victoire avec les membres du banc et les remplaçants après avoir battu l'Afrique du Sud lors du match de la Coupe Monde de Rugby France 2023 entre l'Afrique du Sud et l'Irlande au Stade de France le 23 septembre 2023 à Paris, France. (Photo by Matthias Hangst/Getty Images)

    « Le Bomb Squad est très efficace dans ce qu’ils font, et ils ont beaucoup de succès – ils ont gagné deux Coupes du monde. Je ne critiquerai pas du tout cela, car cela convient à leur rugby, mais peut-être que le Bomb Squad pourrait tenir un peu plus longtemps et aller un peu plus loin », estime Bill Beaumont, dont le mandat s’arrête le 14 novembre.

    Wayne Smith : créer plus de fatigue

    Wayne Smith, ancien entraîneur assistant des All Blacks (champions du monde 2011 et 2015), ancien stratège des Black Ferns (2022) et désormais en charge de la performance à New Zealand Rugby, pense également qu’il faudrait se pencher sur le nombre de remplacements sur un match.

    « Il est question, au sein de World Rugby, d’essayer de créer plus de fatigue. Ils ont pris conscience du fait que nous devons changer », estime-t-il dans le New Zealand Herald du 23 octobre.

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    Il note d’ailleurs au passage que « chaque fois qu’il y a eu des changements de règles du jeu ou de style de jeu, nous nous sommes réinventés plus vite que n’importe qui d’autre, donc tout changement qui se produira sera un avantage pour l’esprit pionnier de la Nouvelle-Zélande. »

    Nigel Owens : faire une différence entre remplacement et substitution

    Sauf que cet argument semble, au premier abord, aller au contraire des principes qui ont cours actuellement concernant le renforcement de la santé des joueurs.

    Ciarán Frawley (Leinster) quitte le terrain alors que le remplaçant Ross Byrne se prépare à taper une transformation lors du match du United Rugby Championship entre le Connacht et le Leinster au Dexcom Stadium de Galway (Photo par Brendan Moran/Sportsfile via Getty Images).

    « Il y a trop de remplacements dans un match. Peut-on les réduire de huit à cinq ou quatre ? », interroge l’ancien arbitre international Nigel Owens que l’on ne peut pas accuser de ne pas se préoccuper de la santé des joueurs.

    Il opère une subtile distinction entre « replacements » et « substitutions » (en anglais), soit entre « remplacement » (sur une période longue) et « substitution » (sur une période plus courte).

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    « Ainsi, vous ne pouvez entrer en jeu que lorsqu’un joueur est blessé ; vous ne pouvez pas entrer en jeu pour un remplacement tactique », explique-t-il.

    « Je pense que ça sera bénéfique pour le rugby. Ça limitera tous ces changements et l’entrée en jeu massive de joueurs en seconde période. Il est possible de voir jusqu’à huit remplaçants entrer en jeu après la pause – soit plus de la moitié d’une nouvelle équipe – frais et en forme face à sept joueurs adverses qui sont sur le terrain depuis 60 minutes. Ils arrivent avec toute leur fraîcheur pour les 20 dernières minutes. »

    World Rugby a décidé de ne pas poursuivre les essais, estimant que cela n’apporterait pas de réelle amélioration en matière de sécurité.

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