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Audience, salary cap, déficit : le rugby professionnel en 2025

Par AFP
Toulouse soulève le Bouclier de Brennus 2024 (Photo de CHRISTOPHE SIMON/AFP via Getty Images)

La Ligue Nationale de Rugby, créée en 1998 pour organiser les compétitions de rugby professionnel, élit son président jeudi 13 mars.

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Voici quelques données sur le rugby professionnel en France.

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Deux divisions professionnelles, un cas unique au monde

Les clubs professionnels sont au nombre de 30 pour le rugby français : 14 équipes dans la première division, le Top 14, depuis 2005 et 16 en Pro D2. Un club qui descend en National, la troisième division, perd automatiquement son statut professionnel.

La Ligue organise aussi une compétition de rugby à VII, le « Super Sevens », qui réunit les 14 équipes de première division, ainsi que Monaco et des Barbarians.

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Un salary cap protecteur

Le salary cap a été lancé en 2010 pour éviter une inflation des salaires et un déséquilibre du Top 14. La masse salariale des clubs est limitée, selon un montant défini par les présidents des clubs. Jusqu’à la saison 2026-2027, ce plafond est fixé à 10,7 millions d’euros.

La somme comprend le salaire, mais aussi les primes, les avantages en nature, mise à disposition gratuite d’un bien, etc.

Mais ce montant est réhaussé de 180 000 euros par joueur sur la liste premium du XV de France, qui en comprend 45, ou ayant été réserviste à au moins deux reprises lors du précédent Tournoi des Six Nations, le rendant indisponible pour son club.

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Les JIFF, terreau du renouveau français

Pour protéger les joueurs français, la Ligue oblige les clubs de Top 14 et Pro D2 à inscrire sur la feuille de match un certain nombre de joueurs issus des filières de formation (JIFF). Pour obtenir ce label, il faut avoir passé trois saisons dans un centre de formation agréé, quelle que soit sa nationalité, ou avoir été licencié cinq ans à la FFR avant ses 22 ans.

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En principe, un club n’a le droit d’aligner que 13 joueurs « non JIFF » sur une saison, et doit en moyenne aligner 16 joueurs JIFF sur l’ensemble des matches, sous peine de retrait de points la saison suivante.

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Des droits TV à la hausse

Les clubs ont une prévisibilité rare sur les droits télé : jusqu’en 2032, le Top 14 et la Pro D2 seront retransmis sur Canal +, le diffuseur historique, qui versera près de 140 millions d’euros par saison à partir de 2027 (121 millions d’euros jusqu’en 2026-2027).

Le diffuseur a fait état d’une hausse des audiences sur les rencontres, et jamais autant de monde ne s’est pressé dans les gradins des matches avec 15 429 spectateurs de moyennes en Top 14, +7% sur un an.

La dernière finale de Top 14, retransmise sur France 2 et sur Canal +, a attiré 4,2 millions de spectateurs.

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Pour la première fois, plusieurs affiches d’Elite 1 (première division féminine), organisée par la FFR et non la LNR car les joueuses n’ont pas le statut professionnel, ont aussi été diffusées par Canal +.

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Des budgets fragiles

Les clubs du Top 14 ont une santé fragile, et dépendent beaucoup des mécènes à qui ils appartiennent.

Sur la saison 2022-2023, la dernière renseignée par le gendarme financier du rugby, le déficit d’exploitation cumulé s’élève à plus de 50 millions d’euros, dont 19 millions pour Toulon. Quatre clubs seulement affichent un résultat d’exploitation positif contre six, et douze sur quatorze ont vu leurs résultats financiers se dégrader par rapport à la saison précédente.

Le prochain rapport est attendu d’ici à la fin du mois de mars 2025.

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