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L’évolution des maillots de rugby à XV en Top 14

Le talonneur de Bayonne, Thomas Acquier, lors du match de Top14 entre l'Aviron Bayonnais (Bayonne) et le Castres Olympique au stade Jean-Dauger à Bayonne, le 8 juin 2024. (Photo by ROMAIN PERROCHEAU / AFP) (Photo by ROMAIN PERROCHEAU/AFP via Getty Images)

C’est la reprise ! L’été touche à sa fin et la trêve a livré ce que certains fans attendent le plus : les nouveaux maillots des clubs.

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Si le maillot de sport est devenu un objet de culte, de mode ou encore de collection, aucun sport n’égale le rugby quand il s’agit de respecter l’aspect symbolique du maillot.

Il n’y a qu’au rugby que l’on voit une véritable cérémonie de remise des maillots lors des rassemblements internationaux. Mais une question mérite d’être posée : le maillot de rugby est-il aussi noble qu’avant ?

Des sponsors peu esthétiques

Là où le sponsoring est apparu sur les maillots du football français au cours des années 1970, la tendance a mis une dizaine d’années supplémentaires à apparaître dans le monde de l’ovalie. Et encore, les premiers sponsors maillots du rugby français étaient loin des sponsors aperçus dans le foot.

Il s’agissait souvent de petits placards de fortune brodés sous un logo. Puis le professionnalisme est arrivé, les équipes ont accueilli de nouveaux sponsors et ouvert des vannes impossibles à refermer aujourd’hui.

Si la présence de nombreuses publicités sur un maillot est admise de nos jours, c’est ailleurs que le bât blesse. Quid de l’intégration de ces sponsors ?

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Quel que soit le design du maillot, la tunique des clubs de rugby français est souvent gâchée par des blocs de sponsors aux couleurs totalement différentes de celles du maillot, ce qui donne parfois aux joueurs des allures d’hommes-sandwichs.

Il suffit de prendre les maillots de Bayonne ou du Racing 92, sublimes quand ils sont dépourvus de publicités mais qui perdent de leur cachet quand ils sont recouverts de logos mal intégrés.

Le maillot du Stade Toulousain (ici celui de la saison 2011-2012 porté par Yannick Jauzion) est un exemple de la bonne intégration des sponsors qui ne dénaturent pas la tunique.

Sur ce plan, le rugby a du retard sur le football, qui a compris le pouvoir du maillot dans sa communication. Le travail des designers ne doit pas se limiter au look du maillot en lui-même. Ceux-ci doivent travailler conjointement avec les sponsors afin de trouver le meilleur moyen d’intégrer les logos de façon à conserver une certaine harmonie stylistique autant que faire se peut.

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Les maillots du Stade Toulousain et du Stade Français peuvent servir d’exemple. Ces deux clubs ont réussi à trouver le bon compromis pour intégrer leurs sponsors – qui n’ont quasiment pas changé depuis plusieurs saisons – avec sobriété.

Des designs de plus en plus stylés

Sur le plan stylistique, les maillots du rugby français sont à la page. Dans les années 2000, le Stade Français a créé une petite révolution en arrivant avec des maillots aux designs audacieux, très – trop ? – hauts en couleurs.

Les traditionalistes du rugby ne voyaient pas d’un bon œil ces tuniques bariolées, dans un milieu très attaché à sa sobriété. Pour autant, le club parisien a ouvert une voie que les clubs ont fini par emprunter, à savoir celle de l’audace.

Certes, les clubs français ne vont jamais aussi loin que ce que faisait le club présidée à l’époque par Max Guazzini, mais aujourd’hui, on voit des équipes qui affirment leur identité via leur tunique.

Des motifs inspirés des murs de pelote basque ou des toits des maisons basques sur le maillot de Bayonne, un scapulaire retravaillé sur le maillot de Bordeaux, une collaboration avec le sponsor historique Peugeot sur celui de Toulouse, des motifs inspirés de l’Argoat et de l’Armor sur le paletot de Vannes, un drapeau catalan modernisé sur la tunique de l’USAP, des rappels rétro et des inspirations maritimes sur celle du RCT : les exemples de maillots vecteurs d’une identité locale sont nombreux ces dernières années.

Les tuniques actuelles sont devenues de vraies sources de fierté, d’actu et de revenus, alors que les maillots n’étaient que peu – voire pas du tout – commercialisés dans les années 1990 et qu’ils affichaient souvent un design assez peu personnalisé dans les années 2000.

Un véritable objet technique

Nike a été la première marque à proposer des maillots ajustés lors de la Coupe du Monde 2003. La marque américaine équipait notamment l'Angleterre de Jonny Wilkinson, tandis que l'Australie de Stephen Larkham portait des maillots Canterbury flottants plus traditionnels

Le maillot de rugby a su suivre l’évolution de sa discipline. Pendant des décennies – des débuts de ce sport jusqu’au milieu des années 2000 – le maillot de rugby consistait en un polo épais en coton uni ou alors paré de rayures horizontales ou de damiers.

La Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2003 a marqué un véritable tournant. C’est pour le Mondial en Australie que Nike a lancé les premières tenues ultra moulantes.

À partir de cette année-là, les équipementiers ont progressivement revu la coupe de leurs maillots pour épouser la morphologie des joueurs. Le polyester s’est renforcé, il a progressivement été mélangé à l’élasthanne et paré d’un grip pour créer de véritables armures.

Dans la foulée de la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2007 où, cette fois, presque toutes les équipes portaient des tenues moulantes, les clubs de tous niveaux ont commencé à porter des maillots ajustés qui, aujourd’hui, sont la norme dans un rugby où l’on ne se verrait plus jouer avec des maillots amples et épais.

Au cours des années 2010, comme on l’a déjà évoqué sur RugbyPass, les maillots ont aussi été munis d’une poche GPS qui permet aux staffs de suivre les performances des joueurs pour les optimiser en temps réel, un élément encore présent sur les maillots des professionnels.

Les changements d’équipementiers

Les maillots de rugby français répondent également à une nouvelle tendance : l’internationalisation et l’uniformisation des équipementiers.

Il est aujourd’hui très rare de voir des marques du calibre de Hungaria, KooGa (devenu BLK), Proact, Roc Sport ou encore Gilbert équiper des clubs professionnels, alors que ces équipementiers étaient très nombreux il y a une dizaine d’années.

Les adidas, Nike, Kappa ou encore Macron ont pris leur place désormais, sans parler de Le Coq Sportif qui, en plus d’équiper des clubs comme Bayonne ou Vannes, avait signé un contrat avec la FFR pour équiper la plupart des clubs amateurs afin de leur offrir des maillots au design personnalisé et moderne avec une qualité textile de qualité professionnelle.

De plus en plus de clubs ont tendance à faire appel à de gros équipementiers car ils leur assurent une logistique simplifiée, les grandes marques ayant la capacité de produire vite et en grande quantité en cas de rupture de stock. Même si cela se fait, parfois, au détriment de la personnalisation…

En résumé, le maillot de rugby est, aujourd’hui, à mille lieux de l’idée que s’en fait le grand public. L’époque du polo type Eden Park est révolue, et voir les fans de football dire du maillot de leur équipe qu’il ressemble à un maillot de rugby dès lors qu’il affiche un col est une aberration.

Au contraire, le maillot de rugby moderne, en France, a plutôt tendance à s’inspirer des créations artistiques qui fleurissent dans le monde du foot, et c’est une bonne chose.

Le travail réalisé par les équipementiers et les clubs de Top 14 et de Pro D2 – allez voir le nouveau maillot Macron du Biarritz Olympique, il vaut le coup d’œil – s’améliore au fil des années.

Certes, il reste des efforts à fournir du côté de certains clubs pour faire des sponsors un élément pleinement intégré au maillot, mais jamais les tenues de rugby n’ont aussi bien combiné style, identité et modernité. Et ça, on aime.

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